INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES

The purpose of the United Nations as mandated in Article 1 of the UN Charter, is to create peace and international security. The UN is an obligation to encourage disputes be resolved peacefully. Two of these goals is a reaction that occurs due to the outbreak of World War II. Is the UN efforts for a new world war does not again occur. The UN is working hard for a dispute between States can be resolved peacefully as soon as possible
Step - step out more about who should be conducted by UN member states to the peaceful completion of the dispute described in Chapter IV (Pacific Settlement of Disputes)
Related to these things the UN has a variety of ways that institutionalized and contained in the Charter. In addition, the UN has an informal manner that was born and developed in the implementation of the UN task daily. These methods are then used and applied in resolving disputes arising between member countries.
In his efforts to create peace and international security, the UN has four groups of measures, which are related to one another and in its implementation requires support from all members of the UN to be realized. The four groups were the following actions
1. Preventive Diplomacy
Preventive Diplomacy is an act to prevent the occurrence of any dispute between the parties, to prevent the spread of a dispute, or limit the expansion of a dispute. This can be done by the UN Secretary General, the Security Council, General Assembly, or by regional organizations cooperate with the UN. For example the efforts made by the previous UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in preventing the conflict the United States - Iraq becomes an open dispute about Iraq's reluctance to allow UNSCOM to check the alleged existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, despite these efforts eventually deadlocked.
2. Making Peace
Making Peace is action to bring the parties to mutually agree, in particular through peaceful means as found in Chapter VI of the UN Charter. The purpose of the UN in this case are among the tasks to prevent conflicts and keep peace. In between these two tasks have an obligation to try to bring the parties towards an agreement by peaceful means.
In its role here, the Security Council only make recommendations or suggestions regarding the manner or method of settlement is appropriate after considering the nature of disputes

3. Peace Keeping
Peacekeeping is an action to mobilize the UN presence in the maintenance of peace by agreement of the parties concerned. Usually the United Nations to send military personnel, UN police and civilian personnel. Despite the military nature, but they are not a generation of war.
This method is a technique that is taken to prevent conflict and to create peace. Peacekeeping is an "invention" since it was first formed the United Nations, Peace Keeping has created significant stability in the region of conflict. From 1945 to 1992, the UN has established a Peacekeeping operations 26 times. Until January 1992, the UN has deployed 528,000 military personnel, police and civilian. They have devoted their lives under the UN flag. About 800 of that amount coming from 43 countries have lost their lives in performing their duties.
4. Peace Building
Building Peace is action to identify and support structures to strengthen peace and to prevent an irreconcilable conflict that has turned back into conflict. Building Peace was born after the conflict. This method can be a concrete cooperation projects which link two or more countries that benefit them. It thus not only contribute to economic and social development, but also foster the belief that a fundamental condition for peace.
5. Peace Enforcement
In addition to these four things, scholars of Latin America, Eduardo Jimenez De Arechaga, introduce another term which Enforcement Peace (Peace Enforcement). What is meant by this term is the authority of the Security Council under the Charter to determine the existence of an act which is a threat to peace or any act of aggression. In the face of this situation, based on Article 41 (Chapter VII), the Board authorized to decide the application of economic sanctions, political or military. Chapter VII, which oversees the Article 41 of the Charter is also known as "teeth" of his United Nations (the "teeth" of the United Nations) 4
Examples of application of these sanctions, namely the Security Council decision on November 4, 1977. the decision shall impose an arms embargo against South Africa under Chapter VII of the Charter in relation to the policy of occupying the country of Namibia (UNSC Res.418 [1971]).
Contained in Article 33 paragraph (1) of the Charter which states that the parties to the dispute "shall, first of all, seek a resolution by negotiation ...," implied that the settlement of the dispute to the UN organ or agency is only "reserve", not the primary way to resolve a dispute.
However, these provisions are not interpreted when the dispute was born. The parties may not directly submit disputes to the UN before all means of dispute resolution that have been executed. The fact that the major United Nations organs to directly handle a dispute if the UN considers that a dispute had threatened international peace and security.
Organs - the main organ of the United Nations under Chapter III (Article 7 paragraph (1)) consists of the UN Charter the General Assembly, the Security Council, ECOSOC, the Transitional Council, International Court of Justice and Secretariat. These organs play an important role in carrying out its duties and functions of the UN. Especially in maintaining peace and international security, in accordance with the rules of justice and principles of international law